Gay Marriage Essay Introduction Example For Students

Gay Marriage Essay Introduction Discrimination is the Voice of IgnoranceMarriage is one of the fundamental establishments of the United States. As a young person, one looks forward to many goals in their lifetime: career success, a good life, and very often marriage to the person they love and a family together. This is one of the biggest parts of our American life and culture. Very few heterosexuals would be willing to put their right to marry on a ballot for voter approval, or even in their wildest dreams have to consider doing that. However, in the past ten years that is a prospect gay men and women are facing all over our United States. Why is American culture so unaccepting of homosexual marriages and what are the reprocutions of this for homosexual couples and for all of our citizens? Homosexuality, as a lifestyle has always been under great fire in our culture. Homosexuality has been defined and termed in many contexts. The West Chester University Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Services states that, Given the va riable aspects of sexual orientation and given evidence that an individual’s sexual orientation may change over time, it is difficult to provide a precise and universally accepted definition of homosexuality. In general terms, homosexuality may be described as the capacity to find affection and or sexual satisfaction with someone of the same gender. Focus founder and fundamental Christian leader, James Dobson, however, simply defines homosexuality as a sin and says homosexuals can be cured in God’s name (Egelko, 3/2000 p2). As one can see from these two examples alone, the definition of this lifestyle isn’t focused solely on what a homosexual is, but rather how individuals feel about the way of life. In day to day living, the homosexual lifestyle is most likely not much different from the heterosexual or straight lifestyle. A homosexual still gets up in the morning and goes to work or to school. They still have dinner with family or friends, participate in sports and community organizations and events. And yes, they still hold stable relationships, just like a man and women would, they still go through the ups and downs of a relationship, facing the same joyous moments, and same hard times with an individual they love. The homophobia that has spread through our country like wildfire since the outing of homosexuals became more common and acceptable undermines these common variables between homosexual and heterosexual couples. One of the largest differences for a homosexual is living a life of fear. Along with all of their day to day activities that mirror any heterosexual, they must also deal with the stress of being different and being unacceptable to the society which they are a part of. They must know the places they are welcomed as an outted gay person, and the ones where they must hide their true identities. As well, they are not granted many of the rights a heterosexual takes for granted. They cannot file for taxes along with their partner, cannot receive medical benefits or health insurance under their partners coverage, as most husband and wives do, and most essentially, they cannot create a bond of unity to express their love through a legal marriage (France, 2/2000 p2). Marriage has been a unique part of our culture since its beginning. Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines marriage as to join or unite a husband and wife. As well, many churches quote like definitions. The Catholic Church, for example, relies on Jesus’ statement about a man and his wife becoming one flesh, never to be separated ( Egelko, 3/2000 p1). And West Virginia Governor, Cecil Underwood, just asked the legislature to put on all marriage licenses and applications: Marriage is designed to be a loving and lifelong union between a woman and a man (Bundy, 1/2000 p1). The debate comes over whether or not these definitions are simply traditional in their wording of man and wife or if that is truly the way it is meant to be. This brings up the issue of whether religious or secular definitions should prevail and how to go about changing or amending these definitions. If a marriage is truly a unity of two individuals in love, however, who is the final decision-maker in how far those lines can be drawn? Is it really the place of our government, or even ourselves to tell a couple, rega rdless of their gender or sexuality that they may not be united legally in their love?This question, one of morality and of legality, has become a pressing issue in many states in the recent years. At the present day, no state in America has legalized the marriage of a same-sex couple (Swanson, 3/2000 p2). However, the latest trend in legislation is towards a ban on validating a marriage of a same-sex couple that has been legalized in another state or country. The first step which initiated this proposition came in Hawaii and began in 1994. Hawaii’s courts have held that denying marriage licenses to same-sex couples is a violation of the state’s constitution (Gallagher, 6/98 p2). In 1997, gay couples in Hawaii petitioned for legal recognition and won a groundbreaking compromise: domestic partnership (Wolf, 2/98 p1). Although this is not a marriage license, it does promise a more valid partnership in the eyes of the courts and of the society for the future. At the same time, however, thirty states have now passed bans on same-sex marriages outright, and in 1996, President Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act, which denies federal recognition of gay marriages (Wolf, 2/98 p3). The state of Vermont is also on the front page when it comes to the gay marriage movement. In a Vermont Supreme Court decision in December of 1999, Chief Justice Jeffrey L. Amestoy told the state legislature either to provide licenses or set up a domestic partner system extending all or most of the same rights and obligations provided by law to married partners (France, 2/2000 p1). The court’s decision was a huge win for proponents of gay marriage, however, it has not granted an actual marriage license yet, which is what a couple will really need in the eyes of federal and other state laws. The latest and probably hottest debate over this issue has been in California. In the beginning of March 2000, California voters approved a ballot measure recognizing only thos e marriages between men and women (Tharp, 3/2000 p1). Entitled Proposition 22, this ballot won by a 61-39 percent margin. Until this point, state law had required California to validate unions legally performed in other states. This ban, however, will make any same-sex union invalid in California. Ironically, same-sex marriages are not currently legal anywhere in the United States. Therefore, Proposition 22 is quite possibly jumping the gun. Opponents of P-22 state that gays’ right to marry, though rejected by most churches, should be preserved in secular society—and an individualistic tradition that impedes political organizations (Egelko, 3/3000 p3). It has also been called barbaric and mean-spirited. The individuals who have been backing this type of legislation include conservatives and religious leaders who have historically been undermining the basic individual rights of gays and lesbians for years; a fact that makes it very hard to believe this is not an attempt to hurt or discriminate against gay and lesbian people. Whether the recent legislation is anti-gay or pro-straight is still to be decided. One thing is evident, though, it highlights an anxiety that may very well be produced by the marital state of our current society. As Naomi Wolf states in her article Scenes from a Gay Marriage:With fifty percent of first marriages ending in divorce, the institution of straight marriage has broken down. Intensifying the heterosexual anxiety is the realization that just as straight people want out of marriage, gay people want in. And this is producing in heterosexual America a very real inferiority complex. .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 , .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .postImageUrl , .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 , .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0:hover , .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0:visited , .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0:active { border:0!important; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0:active , .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0 .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6913d4f647287701affd0e0a1263f1c0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Odysseus Persuasive EssayThis may be a very true statement. Is it possible that heterosexual America fears that gay marriages will be a new and better union than those of the past? Through the recent actions of many United States legislatures and from the adamant anti-gay comments so many Americans hear and say every day, it seems as though there isn’t much hope left for equal rights and equal treatment of homosexuals, let alone gay and lesbian couples who hope to be joined in marriage. The issue will very likely go on, much fueled by a debate of right and wrong and morality versus science. However, a few facts still remain. Homosexuality will continue to be a way o f life in out American culture. Unfortunately, it will continue to be degraded, until we as a society take cold hard steps against that discrimination. Fear and ignorance will always be abundant in America to fuel debates over other people’s choices, much like this debate over gay marriage. Something to really think about though is the idea that marriage is intended as a unity and a lifelong commitment of love. Ironically, a ban on just that is somewhat of an oxymoron. As a society, we need to change the negative traditions of our culture from discriminatory to accepting. Douglas F. Nissing, an Episcopal priest officiates at gay commitment ceremonies. After describing one of his recent ceremonies, he states the following:God was truly present. How could God be absent when there is such love? Every loving couple deserves the opportunity to have such a celebration. Yet the church, and many others continue to say that gay people don’t deserve this opportunity. This attitu de is directly responsible for creating and supporting an environment in which hatred and prejudice can take root and grow. It is time that we let the world know that love transcends the narrow vision that our brothers and sisters often preach. Pastor Nissing is correct. It is time for our culture, no matter how traditional, to stop fostering lines of hatred and fear and instead change focus to understanding and love, no matter what kind of love it may be. Social Issues

Pathophysiology of Old Age Diseases

Question: Describe about the Pathophysiology of Old Age Diseases. Answer: Old age can be sometime s burden to individuals. This is because as the body gets older it becomes weaker and that becomes the origin of many health complications. Majority of these are as a result of peoples lifestyles. Among the world most common health problems associated with old age are Arthritis and Heart diseases .These have been identified as the top killers for people aged above 65 years (Roach, Bronner Oreffo, 2011). Pathophysiology has been defined as the changes that come as a result of a particular injury disease or health condition (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Arthritis is basically a joint disease; it leads to inflammation of the joints. Arthritis Pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis Damage to blood vessels This can create chronic inflammation of the pericardium membrane of the heart which can significantly damage blood vessels and possibly lead to heart attack, heart failure or even stroke. Inflammation of the heart can lead to fever and chest pains which affect the general functioning of the body (Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004). Inflation of joints This is the most common symptom of Arthritis .People with Arthritis have inflamed feet and hands joints(Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004) .These cause pain and swelling ,rigidity of the affected areas .This can affect shoulder joints, elbow joints, as well as knees and joints as well as knees and ankles. Weakening of bones and cartilage In advanced stages, bones and cartilages of the affected persons become weakened and destroyed (Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004).This leads to weakening of tendons, ligaments and supporting muscles. The final outcome for this is total deformation of joints. Impact on individuals independence and lifestyle The impact of this is that it affects body mobility of the persons affected to a large extent making them less mobile thus leading to a sedentary lifestyle (Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004). Such persons cannot be able to walk for long distances walk for long distances without complaining of pains. Additionally it limits the usage of their arms .Since arm joints are also affected these persons encounter difficulties even in stretching their arms which basically affects even performance of daily chores like washing or other minor chores (Clair, Pisetsky Haynes, 2004) . Heart diseases These are diseases that basically occur as a result of narrowing or blockage of blood vessels and have the potential of leading to Heart attack or stroke. Blockage of blood vessels affects the flow of blood sometimes leading to flow of inadequate blood to other parts of the body such as the brain (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Blockage of arteries One of the most common heart diseases called atherosclerosis leads to blockage of arteries because of building up of cholesterol plague in the arterial walls for prolonged periods (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Such blockage can reduce the amount of blood flowing through the arteries. Hindering proper functioning of Valves Valves basically perform the function of either allowing or restricting the flow of blood in and out of the heart by opening and closing when need be. They ensure that blood flows in one way without leaking backwards. Valvular heart disease affects the normal functioning of the valves , the valves may either open abnormally or fail to close properly leading to leaking of blood backwards(Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Opening of the valve smaller than it normally should be makes it hard for the heart to pump blood trough it to other parts of the body. This may sometimes result to heart failure. Additionally if the valve allows leakage of blood backwards, the amount of blood reaching the other parts of the body is likely to be inadequate. This gives the heart a cumbersome task of trying to recover the deficit (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Consequently inadequate flow of blood can affect the functioning of the body by hindering the normal flow. Impact on individuals independence and Lifestyle Normally a heart disease hinders activities such as exercises which require flow of large amounts of blood. People with this disease cannot exercise for long because their hearts cannot allow pumping of the large volumes of blood that are necessary to transmit energy for exercise. This does not only affect exercises but also normal movements. Such people cannot cover long distances without getting too tired restricting them to almost a sedentary lifestyle (Vlodaver, Wilson Garry, 2012). Such people at times also cannot work for long which has the possibility of changing their lifestyles because of reduced income. References: Roach, H. I., Bronner, F., Oreffo, R. O. C. (2011). Epigenetic aspects of chronic diseases. London, Springer. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/668190768 Clair, E. W., Pisetsky, D. S., Haynes, B. F. (2004). Rheumatoid arthritis. Hagerstown, Lippincott Williams Wilkins. https://www.worldcat.org/title/rheumatoid-arthritis/oclc/469367913#.WEGQqaN0-jg Vlodaver, Z., Wilson, R. F., Garry, D. J. (2012). Coronary heart disease: clinical, pathological, imaging, and molecular profiles. New York, Springer. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744297229

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGY OF RAISING THE COUNTRYS PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

Abstract This report is based on the research that has been conducted to investigate the effects of the secondary education and banks credit rates per capital gross domestic products. Motivated by an assignment to advice the minister for finance on policymaking, the research used regression analysis and test of hypothesis to analyze sets of data.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Recommendations For Strategy Of Raising The Country’s Per Capita Gross Domestic Product specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research established that secondary education has higher positive impacts on per capital gross domestic product as compared to bank credit rates. It, therefore, concludes that the available finances are allocated to the secondary education. Introduction Gross domestic product is defined as a measure of a country’s total productivity level. It refers to â€Å"the market value of all finished goods and services† within a territorial boundary and in a specified period (Mankiw, 2008, p. 496). Elements of gross domestic product include â€Å"consumption, investment, government purchase, and net export† (Mankiw, 2008, p. 496). Investments are monetary value of resources that are used for production of goods and services. Realized through individual citizens, corporate bodies and governments, investment rates and levels are the factors of availability of resources and the capacity to acquire such resources through savings or loans. Another element of the gross domestic product is government expenditure through such avenues as central and local governments and their agencies. This category of expenditure includes payments to civil servants and payments for public service utilities such as education and healthcare among other services that are provided by either state or federal government. Consumption as an element of the gross domestic product as well as net export also de pends on availability of resources and disposable income in a country. High levels of disposable income correspond to relatively high consumption and trade levels (Mankiw, 2008, p. 496). While real gross domestic product measures a country’s productivity level, per capital gross domestic product measures the value that is attributable to an individual citizen. The per capital gross domestic product is a factor of population growth and size and has an impact on living standards and utility levels in societies (Boyes and Melvin, 2007, p. 389, 390).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brooks (2008, p. 502) explains that one of the fundamental pillars of the economic growth is the availability of resources for consumption, investment or government expenditure. Financial institutions which are sources of loans the expenditures are, therefore, instrumental factors in economic growth. The ability to provide loans to investors and private consumers, for instance, has directs impacts on consumption, investments, and net export (Brooks, 2008, p. 502). Particularly, credit growth rates among financial institutions determining the lending rates to entities and, consequently, affect consumption and investment levels. A crisis in the financial sector strains the banks’ lending capacity leading to reduced lending with high interest rates. The consequence will be the reduced consumption and the investment capacity to negative economic growth (Brooks, 2008, p. 502). Economic growth through expansion of gross domestic product has also been associated with the education levels among countries. One of the relationships between education and economic growth is the derived empowerment to career developments. Individuals who proceed to high schools and tertiary institutions have high propensity to good employment opportunities and income. Education also leads to d evelopment of rational decision making that prompts savings and investments. As a result, investment in education is an effective initiative to stimulating economic growth. Though economic stability through education appears to be realized only at individual level, there is a derived macroeconomic benefit to both governments and societies. Employment opportunities, for example, generate taxes to the government besides the investments and increased consumption levels. Higher education levels, attained through secondary education, are also associated with the technological advancement in economic processes. This leads to lower operational costs resulting in more savings and higher production capacity (Bloom et al, 2005, p. 16).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Recommendations For Strategy Of Raising The Country’s Per Capita Gross Domestic Product specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evaluation and analysis of r elationships among variables, such as per capita gross domestic product, education rates, and bank credit rates are possible through the linear regression models. This statistical tool identifies the existence of a relationship between a dependent variable and a set of explanatory variables and establishes significance of such relationships besides comparing the effects of independent variables on the dependent variable (Gujarati and Porter 2009, p. 13-20). Linear regression makes assumptions of linearity, ‘homoscedasticity’, and normality of variables (Newbold et al, 2010, p. 428). This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between per capital gross domestic product and the rate of enrolment in secondary schools and credit rates of financial institutions. The paper seeks to answer two research questions, ‘Is there a significant relationship between per capital gross domestic product and both secondary schools enrolment rates and financial institutionsâ€⠄¢ credit rates?’ and ‘Is the relationship between per capita gross domestic product and high school enrolment rate stronger than the relationship between per capita gross domestic product and credit rates of banks and other financial institutions?’ In order to answer the research questions, the paper will test the following sets of hypothesis: H 0: There is no significant relationship between per capita gross domestic product and the considered explanatory variables;Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More H 1: There is a significant relationship between per capita gross domestic product and the considered explanatory variables. Using a comparative approach, the effects of the two independent variables on per capita gross domestic product will be analysed. The paper will also test on the validity of statistical assumptions of linearity, ‘homoscedasticity and normality. Methods Participants and design The set of data used in the research relates to statistics of different countries across the globe. The countries, therefore, formed the participants of this work. The research organised the data for inferential analysis. Materials The research used existing secondary sources for data collection. The resources were identified to be reliable since they were obtained from established institutions such as the United Nations and the University of Pennsylvania. Procedure The research procedure involved acquisition of sets of data from the sources. This was followed by organization and su bsequent transformation of data into derived variables. The research then used ‘Stata’ software for analysis into making inference and conclusions. Result and discussion Developed spreadsheet The attached spreadsheet in appendix 1 shows the compiled data for the fifty countries that were considered in the project. Testing hypothesis The research used ‘Stata’ to test the following model Where ÃŽ ²i is a constant and ui represents noise. The symbols in the model are as defined above. The set of hypothesis is Against the alternative hypothesis, Since the probability value is high, higher than 0.05, the null hypothesis is accepted. This implies that there is no significant relationship between the variables as expressed in the above model. Further, the model explains only 19.77% of the analyzed data making it unreliable. The following set of hypothesis on relationships between change in per capital gross domestic product and the individual explanatory variab les tests on existence of significant singe relationships. H 0: ÃŽ ²i=0, no significant relationship between the dependent and the explanatory variable, The table value is 2.04 leading to rejection of the null hypothesis, at 95% confidence interval. This leads to acceptance of the null hypothesis, at 95% confidence interval, since the computed value falls within the acceptance region. The relatively smaller computed value leads to acceptance of the null hypothesis, at 95% confidence interval. While the general model suggests the absence of relationship between per capital gross domestic product and all the explanatory variables, single inferential tests show the existence of a significant positive relationship between the dependent variable and the percentage of secondary school enrolment. The contradiction is attributable to the existence of many other variables in the general model that do not contribute to the dependent variable. Advice to the finance minister From the model , unit percentage increase in secondary school enrolment leads to a corresponding increase in per capital gross domestic product by 0.2502821*In (65) %- In (55%) = 4.18% A unit percentage increase in bank credit has a positive impact of 0.2124701* (52%-38%) =3% on per capital gross domestic product, though this effect is not significant. The minister should, therefore, direct the funds to secondary education. Test for validity of statistical assumptions The statistical assumptions made over the considered set of data are linearity, ‘homoscedasticity’, and normality. Using the RESET test for the null hypothesis of a linear mode against an alternative hypothesis of a nonlinear model leads to acceptance of the null hypothesis. The LM test for ‘homoscedasticity’ also leads to adoption of the null hypothesis of ‘homoscedasticity’. The ‘Bera’ and ‘Jarque’s skewness- kurtosis’ test, however, leads to the rejection of t he null hypothesis of normality. Normality assumption was, therefore, not correct. Remedy for lack of normality Remedying lack of normality involves exclusion of extreme values, values corresponding to Zimbabwe. A subsequent test over the assumptions indicates linearity, ‘homoscedasticity’ and normality. Effects of re specifying and re estimating the model After re-specifying and re-estimating the model, secondary education and bank credit rate had the following impacts, Effect of ‘lseced’ on GDP per capital =0.2599967*In (65) %- In (55%) = 4.34% Effect of credit on GDP per capital= 0.1564118* (52%-38%) =2.2% Revaluation of specification and estimation of the model does not affect the advice because secondary school education still holds higher effects on per capital gross domestic product. Conclusion Gross domestic product and per capital gross domestic products are subject to government expenditure, consumption and investments among other factors. This re search evaluated the impacts of government expenditure in secondary education and commercial banks on per capital gross domestic product in order to advice the finance minister on a suitable policy decision. The research concludes that secondary education funding should be preferred over banks. This is because of its higher and more significant contribution to per capital gross domestic product as compared to banks credit rates. Reference list Bloom, D., Canning, D., Chan, K., 2005. Higher education and economic development in Africa. Available at:  http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/278200-1099079877269/547664-1099079956815/HigherEd_Econ_Growth_Africa.pdf, p. 16. Boyes, W Melvin, M., 2007. Economics. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning Brooks, C. 2008., Introductory Econometrics for Finance. London, UK: Cambridge University Press Gujarati, D. Porter, D., 2009. Basic econometrics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Mankiw, G. 2011., Principles of Economics. Mason, OH: Ceng age Learning Newbold, P, Carlson, W Thorne, B., 2010. Statistics for business and economics. London, UK: Pearson. Appendix country ypc90 ypc05 open govgdp CPI90 CPI85 seced credit 1 Algeria 5314.63 6291.14 73.97 10.85 98.12 85.65 61 0.4 2 Australia 23209.99 34323.39 28.85 13.46 112.1 84.85 82 0.13 3 Bangladesh 1616.16 2166.01 17.81 8.18 20.8 23.39 19 0.21 4 Belgium 24558.91 31750.13 124.59 14.84 112.3 68.78 103 0.35 5 Brazil 7811.24 9000.3 13.39 21.34 50.76 34.79 38 0.24 6 Burkina Faso 926.09 1290.77 59.15 38.37 51.68 40.56 7 0.18 7 Cameroon 2710.21 2579.45 30.56 10.67 42.21 30.51 28 0.28 8 Canada 25534.32 34590.49 49.94 15.21 108.9 91.43 101 0.77 9 Chile 8639.98 16965.69 47.41 16.17 45.54 43.04 73 0.47 10 China 1929.15 6482.99 23.82 20.27 22.95 30 49 0.86 11 Cote dIvoire 2890.67 2315.96 63.45 12.74 47.54 32.77 22 0.4 12 Ecuador 4882.98 5755.93 41.55 21.28 32.49 59.65 55 0.12 13 Egypt 3595.06 5230.06 62.33 7.41 33.39 37.41 76 0.28 14 Ethiopia 859.95 963.19 27.95 18.38 32.49 38.94 14 0.23 15 France 23657.62 28779.31 32.71 16.86 120.7 75.72 99 0.92 16 Germany 24599.27 29547.74 40.66 12.02 113.3 69.59 98 0.93 17 Ghana 1258.5 1530.09 58.88 18.12 38.46 57.32 36 0.05 18 Greece 17022.2 25467.06 36.71 14.13 79.84 48.97 93 0.35 19 Hungary 11441.58 16216.88 36.52 27.65 38.39 30.4 79 0.45 20 India 2001.59 3365.34 17.05 28.29 29.55 33.71 44 0.26 21 Indonesia 3216.91 4883.97 46.59 18.32 26.45 33.55 44 0.37 22 Iran 5691.14 9498.28 75.76 13.88 260 83.44 55 0 23 Italy 23168.6 27794.86 42.58 13.32 114.2 64.35 83 0.48 24 Japan 26384.61 29780.3 16.86 10.71 131.2 89.34 97 1.92 25 Kenya 2061.24 2017.39 43.02 8.41 26.49 32.17 24 0.3 26 Korea 11908.21 22048.39 32.56 10.16 71.63 53.58 90 0.9 27 Madagascar 1071.44 862.79 57.23 12.09 31.15 36.51 18 0.15 28 Malawi 935.71 1179.62 55.7 6.72 29.12 25.23 8 0.13 29 Malaysia 8418.95 16481.49 139.83 13.87 43.53 50.1 56 0.67 30 Mali 880.52 1254.06 45.73 19.82 41.02 26.29 7 0.12 31 Morocco 4499.87 5096.45 44.93 10.7 28.23 21.05 35 0.13 32 Nepal 1453.76 1885.79 31.53 16.32 21.8 23.78 33 0.12 33 Netherlands 24618.6 32638.07 78.34 17.61 100.9 63.98 120 1.4 34 Nigeria 1339.46 1810.23 56.44 7.02 40.67 103.41 25 0.12 35 Pakistan 2425.93 3269.38 32.09 18.53 26.24 28.75 23 0.24 36 Peru 4024.44 5733.98 24.54 12.71 44.23 22.04 67 0.04 37 Philippines 3385.71 4063.08 74.32 13.53 25.53 27.8 73 0.2 38 Poland 7194.65 12666.11 27.72 20.19 27.51 41.98 81 0.02 39 Saudi Arabia 22516.86 20731.34 79.73 17.74 48.85 62 44 0.64 40 South Africa 7915.05 9609.77 38.4 22.27 45.73 29.33 74 0.84 41 Spain 19111.88 29150.46 27.62 11.87 98.98 51.88 104 0.75 42 Sri Lanka 3151.19 5328.64 54.8 23.42 21.91 22.73 74 0.18 43 Sudan 955.79 1959.82 29.33 6.41 163.5 52.41 24 0.06 44 Syria 1816.6 2595.87 71.3 23.84 129.5 140.14 52 0.07 45 Thailand 5405.67 8666.41 90.5 11.93 38.47 35.79 30 0.72 46 Turkey 5366.32 7132.83 24.63 15.27 69.38 45.98 47 0.13 47 Uganda 740.1 11 67.26 27.08 32.61 39.99 62.88 13 0.02 48 U.K. 21742.5 30275.79 36.97 16.48 102.7 68.53 85 1.13 49 Venezuela 10146.72 10972.88 46.47 21.96 38.18 60.39 35 0.23 This report on Recommendations For Strategy Of Raising The Country’s Per Capita Gross Domestic Product was written and submitted by user Swarm to help you with your own studies. 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Science and Shamanism Essays

Science and Shamanism Essays Science and Shamanism Paper Science and Shamanism Paper Just like Science, Shamanism started a very long time ago. As Shamanism is considered as archaic magico-religious phenomenon in which the shaman is the great master of ecstasy, Science is also known as an ancient part of life in which its masters are called Natural Philosophers and later are known as Scientists. There are many commonalities and similarities between Science and Shamanism. Shamanism without their knowing also incorporates scientific methods while performing and making potions from herbs. Same with Shamans, Scientist also perform tasks and experiments by using special tools. Both Shamanism and Science respond to society’s needs. A very good example is by healing. Scientist conduct experiments and tests to discover medicines that can cure illness just like shamans. Thus, we can say that Science and Shamanism somewhat are related to each other, but however there are still factors that keep them apart. First, Shamanism in terms of healing is not really accepted by western Science, why? Because both of them can heal certain patients their sources of healing are undoubtedly very different. Shamanism is a range of beliefs, rituals and practices regarding communication with the spiritual world. They heal people by mending souls. Shaman gains knowledge or power to heal an individual by entering the spiritual world or its dimension. The shaman may acquire many spirit guides in the spirit world, these guides direct the shaman in his/her travels. The spirits are always present in the Shaman though others only encounter one when there is a Shaman around. The Shaman heals by returning lost parts of the human soul from wherever they have gone to. The Shaman also cleanses excess negative energies which confuse or pollute the soul. Science on the other hand is a systematic enterprise of knowledge about nature and organizing and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories. These laws and theories are used by scientist to invent things and cure diseases by making medicines and vaccines. Scientists perform research toward a more comprehensive understanding of nature, including physical, mathematical and social realms. Since Science is a complex branch of understanding and has many fields of expertise, thus Scientist don’t call or rely on spirits but rather use scientific knowledge. Scientists study different fields of science to gain knowledge and use that knowledge to help people. This knowledge is used in biomedical research. Biomedical research is a research concerning medicines that cure people scientifically unlike shamans that use spirits in healing. This is another factor that sets shamanism apart from science. Another factor that sets Science and Shamanism apart is the basic implicit principle in Shamanism that there are two realities and that the perception of each depends upon ones state of consciousness. In this principle 2 realities are stated. The first is â€Å"OR† or â€Å"ordinary reality† in which those in the ordinary state of consciousness (OSC) are the ones that are involved in this. Scientists and ordinary people are considered to belong in this â€Å"OR†. On the other hand Shamans believe that they do have another kind of reality. They call this the â€Å"NOR† or non-ordinary reality in which those in the â€Å"shamanic state of consciousness† (SSC) are the only ones who can experience this. And lastly, people who believe that Science is more accurate never relied on Shamanism. Not only in medical purposes but also in anything that Science can prove and study. Thus, a boundary between people who believe in Science and the ones who have faith in Shamanism is made. Since Scientists study things very carefully before ordinary people deal with it, most of the western people believe that Shamanism is just a fiction. On the other hand the ones who believe in Shamanism also think the same way western people think. Because of this line people who have their own beliefs never tried or tested both. A very great example is during ancient times. Since then Science never believed and accepted that spirits are real. Historical origins prove the attacks of the Church on such pioneering scientists as Galileo and Copernicus during the Renaissance and Reformation. Up to the present Scientist never believed spirits. One of the great scientists that never believed spirits is Einstein. He believed spirits or souls are otherwise anathema and not acceptable as part of the paradigm. This results to the limitation of the parameters of science by decreeing that certain prior phenomena cannot have existence. It also resulted to limitation of science whose Achilles heel is founded upon an unproven belief: the belief that spirits, including souls, cannot exists. Science has never disproven the theory of the existence of spirits. Thus, disproof of theory, or falsification, is a cornerstone of scientific method(cf. Popper). As long as the theory of spirits cannot be falsified by science the line between Shamanism and Science will never be gone. However this factors that separate Science and Shamanism apart can still be bridged. As we all know healing both in Science and in Shamanism do have processes. These processes can be studied by science which I think has the greater knowledge to prove things. Once Science has discovered the way shamans heal they can infer scientific methods on the way and methods Shamans perform their healing. Not only that, from what I’ve read like Science, Shamanism can also be studied. Studying Shamanism can be one of the bridges that can unite the two. Another way to bridge the two is by scientist not only studying the Shamans’ methods but also by performing and being one of them. Thus, Scientists can train ecstatically and traditionally for them to have a greater knowledge of how Shamans communicate with spirits. In this ways scientist can perform trances that can make them one of the Shamans and be on the â€Å"shamanic state of consciousness†. These trances will also help them feel and experience how Shamans talk with what they call spirits and how Shamans experience the non-ordinary reality. Lastly, as Scientists engage and be part of shamanic society there they can prove or falsify if Shamanism is either true or just a fiction. In order to bridge these two Scientists who have more knowledge and grasp of experimenting must use themselves as experiment samples for them to achieve what they want. If they have proven that Shamanism can be true then maybe somehow they can make a way to connect the way Shamans perform their methods because they themselves are also Shamans. In this way scientific method will therefore be broader and can be used in Shamanism. Thus, Shamanism can be considered a branch of science.

IKEA Product Line Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IKEA Product Line Development - Essay Example However, the prices are lower compared to those of competitors in the market. IKEA targets young consumers who do not have time to purchase furniture during the usual business hours. Additionally, IKEA recognizes that many of the young people lack the experience of choosing stylish furniture. For this reason, IKEA considers the needs of such consumers. It offers a wide variety of sofas and armchairs of reasonable quality and remarkable designs at low prices (Burt, Johansson, and Thelander 187). Since many of the young consumers do not have experience on how to arrange different rooms in their houses, IKEA ensures that it provides them with a demonstration on how to arrange different furniture in every room of the house. IKEA customers have the opportunity of viewing different furniture combinations so that they can make informed choices of the furniture they want to buy. IKEA carries out a rigorous commercialization strategy. IKEA creates brand awareness through TV advertising, newspaper, and magazine advertising as well as sponsorships. Additionally, IKEA has recognized the opportunity presented by online advertising forums and takes advantage of them. The company has an extensive distribution channel whose primary purpose is to ensure that customers can get their home furnishings at cheaper prices. Over 1,600 suppliers manufacture IKEA sofas and armchairs. The ready products are then transported to hundreds of stores in different parts of the globe.

TLMT312 WEEK 4 FORUM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TLMT312 WEEK 4 FORUM - Assignment Example There is a distinction between rates and rating. Rate is the price per hundred weights to move an individual product between two locations. It is listed on pricing sheets or tariffs. Various products in different classes are charged different rates. Rate is determined by weight and size of the product. Rating involves determining the appropriate, legal, economical rates and routes for the transportation of foreign and domestic freight through any or all modes of transportation. These determinations are made according to published classification, tariff, and tariff routings. Rating also includes development of narratives and exhibit materials and similar information to be used by others to negotiate and requested rates. In addition, it may also include preparation of materials concerning rate matters in cases to be presented to representatives of the carriers, regulatory bodies, and the courts. The goal of the assessment is to establish the appropriateness of classification, routes, rates and carriers’ actions (Gianpaolo & Laporte, 2004). Classification and rate depend on the grade. Rating determines the appropriateness of classification and rates. Once products are shipped they must be classified for various reasons. Classification helps to determine the rates for each

Bumble Products and Services Company E-Commerce Proposal Research

Bumble Products and Services Company E-Commerce - Research Proposal Example The online technologies would act wonders for BP & S enterprise in giving them a global stand and make them quite susceptible to attract competition. Presently it caters to a limited amount of consumers. Its desire to enlarge its wings to international market makes sure that the global demands of the consumers would result it fostering standard practices in line with international standards. The products would be made to compare with the competitors and would further add the brand and quality for sale in the international market. The international consumers would be at ease to purchase products at their convenience and would get across its message with the help of online technologies. Its products would fetch better acceptability in the foreign market and would comprise quality and international standards in the making of things. A widely connected public networks which transmits data using the packet switching mechanisms with the help of Internet Protocol (IP) (Forouzan, 2003). It can also be termed as network of networks that connects all the various networks in the world to access information. An enterprise can use internet to interconnect with other businesses or its own in connecting for information sharing and knowledge resources. The business across geographical locations can interconnect with ease. It offers an inexpensive way to get connected and keep in synchronization with resources and events. It is a privately owned network that uses internet protocols to connect to each other. It is usually within a certain premise to interconnect all the network topologies to be implemented and connected. It is restricted to the business which implements it and not accessible to the public domain (Forouzan, 2003). Used for almost all businesses where information must be shared and the organization needs to keep in synchronization with resources. The business information and access privileges are strong enough to prevent malicious access. It is a